How does the calculator account for investment returns and market volatility?

The retirement calculator typically uses assumptions about investment returns and market volatility to estimate future savings. The assumptions are usually based on historical market data, but it's important to remember that past performance doesn't guarantee future results.

To account for potential market volatility, the calculator may use a range of returns rather than a single average return. This can help to provide a more realistic estimate of future savings, as it takes into account the ups and downs of the market.

It's important to keep in mind that the assumptions used by the calculator may not be entirely accurate and that actual returns may vary. However, using the calculator can still be a helpful tool for understanding how investment returns and market volatility can impact retirement savings.